Trading circles

ABSTRACT

The disclosed embodiments provide trading circles. An example method includes defining a group having a plurality of members, wherein one or more of the plurality of members interacts with an exchange that facilitates market transactions; detecting a first interaction of a first group member with the exchange; and communicating, in response to detecting the first interaction, data related to the first interaction to a second group member before the first group member receives confirmation of the first interaction from the exchange.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/852,625, filed Dec. 22, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,354,737, which isa continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/314,427, filedJun. 25, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,102,576, which is a continuation ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/839,369, filed Mar. 15, 2013, nowU.S. Pat. No. 8,799,143, the contents of each of which are fullyincorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

BACKGROUND

An electronic trading system generally includes a trading device incommunication with an electronic exchange. The electronic exchangetransmits market data to the trading device. Market data includes, forexample, price data, market depth data, last traded quantity data,and/or other data related to a market for a tradeable object. In someelectronic trading systems, the trading device sends trade orders to theelectronic exchange. A trade order may include, for example, a price, aquantity, one or more order thresholds or limits, and/or other dataprovided to the electronic exchange and related to transactionsinvolving one or more of the tradeable objects. Upon receiving a tradeorder, the electronic exchange may enter the trade order into anexchange order book and attempt to match quantity of the trade orderwith quantity of one or more contra-side trade orders.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Certain embodiments are disclosed with reference to the followingdrawings.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example electronic tradingsystem in which embodiments disclosed herein may be employed.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example computing device thatmay be used to implement the disclosed embodiments.

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an example apparatus that may beused to implement an example trading circle manager.

FIGS. 4A to 4C illustrate a plurality of example trading circleconfigurations defined in the example trading circle manager of FIG. 3 .

FIG. 5 illustrates a screenshot associated with the example price dataexpander of FIG. 3 .

FIG. 6 is a first flow diagram illustrative of machine readableinstructions that may be executed to implement the example circledefiner of FIG. 3 .

FIG. 7 is a second flow diagram illustrative of machine readableinstructions that may be executed to implement the example tradingcircle manager of FIG. 3 .

FIG. 8 is a third flow diagram illustrative of machine readableinstructions that may be executed to implement the example price dataexpander of FIG. 3 .

Certain embodiments will be better understood when read in conjunctionwith the provided drawings, which illustrate examples. It should beunderstood, however, that the embodiments are not limited to thearrangements and instrumentality shown in the attached drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Although the following discloses embodiments including, among othercomponents, software executed on hardware, it should be noted that theembodiments are merely illustrative and should not be considered aslimiting. For example, it is contemplated that any or all of thesehardware and software components may be embodied exclusively inhardware, exclusively in software, exclusively in firmware, or in anycombination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. Accordingly, thedisclosed embodiments may be implemented in other ways.

Disclosed embodiments provide mechanisms and processes to define andestablish trading circles that link or group two or more users. Tradingcircles (also referred to as “circles”) may be defined and establishedutilizing one or more common characteristic or parameter to identifyeach of the individual users as a member of the circle. For example,users within a company may be aggregated to define a circle; userstrading a common tradeable objects may be linked to define a circle;users communicating via a common communications network may define acircle; users trading one or more related tradeable objects may define acircle; and users trading with a certain frequency or volume may definea circle. Alternatively, a user may elect to join one or more existingcircles and/or to establish a new circle based on, for example, one ormore particular preference, requirement and/or characteristic common tothe members of the new circle.

Once a trading circle has been established, disclosed embodimentsfacilitate communication of circle data associated with a first memberto the other members of the circle. For example, when a member of acircle communicates a trade order to the electronic exchange,embodiments disclosed herein facilitate communication of circle datarelated to the trade order data to some or all of the members of thetrading circle. The circle data may include trade order data such as anoffer price, a purchase price, quantity data, order thresholds orlimits, and/or any data provided to the electronic exchange and relatedto the purchase or sale of a tradeable object. Circle data may furtherinclude price data, market depth data, last traded quantity data, and/orother data related to a market for the tradeable object. In someexamples, circle data may include information related to the conditionand/or operation of the market into which the trade is to be placed. Forexample, circle data could include latency information based on thecalculated round-trip time between the trading device and exchange. Theshared latency information within the circle data can be utilized toevaluate network performance and route orders in an attempt to limitin-flight delays. Similarly, circle data could include rejection and/orthrottling information specific to a given exchange. In this way, thecircle data may be utilized to share market performance informationand/or market characteristics with members of the circle.

Circle data representing a potential change in the market may becommunicated to the members of the trading circle allowing forconsideration and/or action upon the potential market changinginformation before most non-members receive updated market data from theelectronic exchange. In this way, members of a trading circle are ableto act immediately based on information contained and communicatedwithin the circle data while the actions of non-members of the tradingcircle are delayed until the updated market data is received from theelectronic exchange. For example, when a first circle member sends atwenty (20) lot order for a certain tradeable object, circle members areinformed that the available quantity of that tradeable object is likelyto soon decrease by at least the twenty (20) lot order submitted by thefirst circle member. Additionally, when a first circle member receivesan exchange notification, such as a rejection or fill notification,circle members are informed of the notification. Additional andalternative examples are described detail below.

The communication of circle data may be facilitated by a point-to-pointconnection between the members of the trading circle, or may becontrolled or directed via one or more centralized hubs such as agateway or other suitable network device.

Disclosed embodiments relate to establishing one or more trading circlesand facilitating communication of circle data among the members of theone or more trading circles. Using disclosed embodiments, a tradingcircle can be formed to include, for example, members of a tradingentity such as a collection of brokers, individual traders, members of asocial networking group, or any other type of user. As members of atrading circle perform trading activities and/or receive notificationsfrom the exchange (for example, via a trading device or application),disclosed embodiments communicate circle data related to the performedactivity and/or notifications to other members of the circle. Forexample, when a first member of a trading circle sends an order to anexchange or otherwise interacts with the exchange, one or more disclosedembodiments are configured to send circle data containing at least oneindication of the order or interaction to a second member of the tradingcircle in conjunction with (for example, at the same time as) the orderbeing sent to the electronic exchange. Members of other circles,unaligned individuals and any other non-member of the trading circle arenot informed of the sent order, the interaction with the exchange or anyeffect the performed market activity may have at the exchange until theexchange processes the order. As a result, fellow members of a tradingcircle are provided with circle data related interactions with theexchange performed by other members of the trading circle earlier thannon-members of the trading circle. Thus, disclosed embodiments enablemembers of the same trading circle to receive information related to theprospective market activity of any one member of the circle withouthaving to wait for the exchange to process the performed activity. Theimproved communication of trading data between circle members providedby the disclosed embodiments is described in greater detail herein.

Additionally, disclosed embodiments provide mechanisms and processes todevelop and/or share market data that may not be provided or otherwiseavailable from the electronic exchange. For example, exchanges oftenlimit the number of price levels for which quantity data is disseminatedbeyond the best bid and the best price. In some examples, the exchangedisseminates quantity data at four price levels in one direction fromthe best bid/price and four price levels in the opposite direction fromthe best bid/price. In such instances, users interacting with theexchange are provided with an incomplete view of the market because theexchange does not disseminate price information beyond the limitednumber of price levels (for example, eight price levels). Disclosedembodiments facilitate communication among trading circle members ofprice information beyond the limitations imposed by the exchange. Asdescribed in detail below, disclosed embodiments utilize priceinformation associated with working orders of one or more individualmembers of a trading circle to provide the other members of the circlewith a more complete view of the market. For example, when the exchangeonly disseminates quantity information for the eight price levelsnearest the best bid/price, disclosed embodiments may develop and/ordisseminate quantity information among members of the trading circlerelated to twenty (or more) price levels nearest the best bid/price orall of the price levels. In such instances, disclosed embodimentsprovide the members of the trading circle with a more complete view ofthe market than is provided to non-circle members by the exchange alone.Additionally or alternatively, disclosed embodiments use priceinformation associated with one or more individual members of thetrading circle together with the price information disseminated by theexchange to generate extrapolated price information for the portion ofthe market for which the exchange is not currently disseminating priceinformation. In such instances, disclosed embodiments provide each ofthe members of the trading circle with an approximation of the full viewof the market. The expansions of price information provided by disclosedembodiments are described in greater detail below.

Additionally, disclosed embodiments provide members of the tradingcircle with indications that a working order or at least a portion of aworking order is likely to be filled based on market activity taken byother members of the trading circle. As described in greater detailbelow, disclosed embodiments analyze working orders of the members ofthe trading circle to identify instances in which one or more othermembers of the trading circle have working orders for the same tradeableobject, for example. When the identified working orders arecomplimentary types of orders (one order is a buy order and the otherorder is a sell order), disclosed embodiments determine whether thecomplimentary orders are likely to result in one or more fills. Thelikely fill identified by disclosed embodiments is sometimes referred toherein as a theoretical fill. Disclosed embodiments inform the member ofthe trading circle of the theoretical fill without the individualmembers of the trading circle having to wait for the exchange to processthe orders. As a result, the individual members of the trading circlereceiving the theoretical fill indication are made aware of likelymarket conditions or positions resulting from the theoretical fill morerapidly than having to wait for the exchange to process market data. Theindications of likely order fulfillment provided by disclosedembodiments are described in greater detail below.

Certain embodiments provide a method for defining a group having aplurality of members, wherein one or more of the plurality of membersinteracts with an exchange that facilitates market transactions;detecting a first interaction of a first group member with the exchange;and communicating, in response to detecting the first interaction, datarelated to the first interaction to a second group member before thefirst group member receives confirmation of the first interaction fromthe exchange.

Certain embodiments provide a tangible computer readable storage mediumincluding instructions that, when executed, cause a computing device todefine a group having a plurality of members, wherein one or more of theplurality of members interacts with an exchange that facilitates markettransactions; detect a first interaction of a first group member withthe exchange; and communicate, in response to detecting the firstinteraction, data related to the first interaction to a second groupmember before the first group member receives confirmation of the firstinteraction from the exchange.

Certain embodiments provide an apparatus including: a definer to definea group having a plurality of members, wherein one or more of theplurality of members interacts with an exchange that facilitates markettransactions; a detector to detect a first interaction of a first groupmember with the exchange; and a communicator to, in response to thedetector detecting the first interaction, convey data related to thefirst interaction to a second group member before the first group memberreceives confirmation of the first interaction from the exchange.

Certain embodiments provide a method including defining a group having aplurality of members, wherein one or more of the plurality of membersinteracts with an exchange that disseminates data related to a range ofprice levels; collecting data related to a working order of a firstgroup member at a first price level outside the disseminated range; andcommunicating the collected data to a second group member.

Certain embodiments provide a tangible computer readable storage mediumincluding instructions that, when executed, cause a computing device todefine a group having a plurality of members, wherein one or more of theplurality of members interacts with an exchange that disseminates datarelated to a range of price levels; collect data related to a workingorder of a first group member at a first price level outside thedisseminated range; and communicate the collected data to a second groupmember.

Certain embodiments provide an apparatus including a definer to define agroup having a plurality of members, wherein one or more of theplurality of members interacts with an exchange that disseminates datarelated to a range of price levels; an expander to collect data relatedto a working order of a first group member at a first price leveloutside the disseminated range; and a communicator to communicate thecollected data to a second group member.

I. Example Electronic Trading System

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example electronic tradingsystem 100 in which certain embodiments may be employed. The system 100includes a trading device 110, a gateway 120, and an electronic exchange130. The trading device 110 is in communication with the gateway 120.The gateway 120 is in communication with the exchange 130.

As used herein, the phrase “in communication with” may include in directcommunication and indirect communication through one or moreintermediary components.

In operation, the trading device 110 may send orders to buy or selltradeable objects at the exchange 130. For example, a user may utilizethe trading device 110 to send the orders. The orders are sent throughthe gateway 120 to the exchange 130. In addition, market data is sentfrom the exchange 130 through the gateway 120 to the trading device 110.The user may also utilize the trading device 110 to monitor this marketdata and/or base a decision to send an order for a tradeable object onthe market data.

A tradeable object is anything which may be traded with a quantityand/or a price. For example, financial products, including stocks,options, bonds, futures, currency, warrants, funds derivatives,securities, commodities, swaps, interest rate products, index basedproducts, traded events, goods, and collections and/or combinations ofthese, may be tradeable objects. A tradeable object may be “real” or“synthetic.” A real tradeable object includes products that are listedand/or administered by an exchange. A synthetic tradeable objectincludes products that are defined by the user. For example, a synthetictradeable object may include a combination of real (or other synthetic)products such as a synthetic spread created by a user utilizing atrading device 110. There may be a real tradeable object thatcorresponds and/or is similar to a synthetic trading object.

The trading device 110 may include one or more electronic computingplatforms such as a hand-held device, laptop, desktop computer,workstation with a single or multi-core processor, server with multipleprocessors, and/or cluster of computers, for example. For example, whilelogically represented as a single device, trading device 110 may includea trading terminal in communication with a server, where collectivelythe trading terminal and the server are the trading device 110. Thetrading terminal may provide a trading screen to a user and maycommunicate commands to the server for further processing of the user'sinputs through the trading screen, such as placing orders.

The trading device 110 is generally owned, operated, controlled,programmed by, configured by, or otherwise used by a user. As usedherein, the phrase “user” may include, but is not limited to, a human(for example, a trader) or an electronic trading device (for example, analgorithmic trading system or trading application). One or more usersmay be involved in the ownership, operation, control, programming,configuration, or other use, for example.

The trading device 110 may include one or more trading applications. Thetrading application(s) may, for example, process market data byarranging and displaying the market data in trading and chartingwindows. The market data may be received from exchange 130, for example.As another example, the market data may be received from a simulationenvironment that provides historical data and/or simulates an exchangebut does not effectuate real-world trades. This processing may be basedon user preferences, for example. The trading application(s) may includean automated trading tool such as an automated spread trading tool, forexample. The one or more trading applications may be distributed acrossone or more of the computing devices of the trading device 110. Forexample, certain components of a trading application may be executed ona trading workstation and other components of the trading applicationmay be executed on a server in communication with the workstation.

The trading device 110 may include an electronic trading workstation, aportable trading device, an algorithmic trading system such as a “blackbox” or “grey box” system, an embedded trading system, and/or anautomated trading tool, for example. For example, the trading device 110may be a computing system running a copy of X_TRADER®, an electronictrading platform provided by Trading Technologies International, Inc. ofChicago, Ill. As another example, the trading device 110 may be acomputing device running an automated trading tool such as AUTOSPREADER®and/or AUTOTRADER™, also provided by Trading Technologies International,Inc.

As another example, the trading device 110 may include a tradingapplication which algorithmically processes market data and includes auser interface for manual placement of orders based on the algorithmicprocessing or to manipulate orders that were placed automatically. Analgorithmic trading application is a trading application which includesan automatically processed algorithm to perform certain actions. Thatis, the trading application includes an automated series of instructionsto perform defined action(s). The actions may include processing marketdata in a particular way, placing an order, modifying an existing order,deleting an order, refraining from placing an order, selecting whichtradeable object(s) to act on, determining a price to place or modify anorder at, determining a quantity to place an order at or modify an orderto be, determining whether an order should be to buy or sell, anddelaying action for a period of time, for example.

As used herein, an algorithm (also referred to as a trading algorithm)is specified by a definition which includes logic expressions andparameters that describe the algorithm to be used in trading. Logicexpressions specify the relationship between parameters and may generatemore parameters. Parameters may include, for example, inputs into thelogic expressions of the algorithm. The definition of an algorithm maybe, at least in part, specified by the algorithmic trading application.For example, an algorithmic trading application may allow a user to onlyspecify parameters to be used by pre-defined logic expressions. Asanother example, an algorithmic trading application may allow a user tospecify some or all of the logic expressions and some or all of theparameters. A trading algorithm where the logic expressions arespecified by a user is a user-defined trading algorithm.

Trading applications may be stored in a computer readable medium of thetrading device 110. In certain embodiments, one or more components of atrading application may be stored on a trading workstation and othercomponents of the trading application may be stored on a server incommunication with the workstation. In certain embodiments, one or morecomponents of a trading application may be loaded into the computerreadable medium of the trading device 110 from another computer readablemedium. For example, the trading application (or updates to the tradingapplication) may be stored by a manufacturer, developer, or publisher onone or more CDs or DVDs, which are then provided to someone responsiblefor loading the application onto the trading device 110 or to a serverfrom which the trading device 110 retrieves the trading application. Asanother example, the trading device 110 may receive the tradingapplication (or updates to the trading application) from a server, forexample, via the Internet or an internal network. The trading device 110may receive the trading application or updates when requested by thetrading device 110 (“pull distribution”) and/or un-requested by thetrading device 110 (“push distribution”).

The trading device 110 is adapted to send orders for a tradeable object.The orders may be sent in one or more messages or data packets orthrough a shared memory system, for example. The trading device 110 mayalso be adapted to cancel orders, change orders, and/or query anexchange, for example. As another example, the trading device 110 may beadapted to send orders to a simulated exchange in a simulationenvironment that does not effectuate real-world trades.

The orders sent by the trading device 110 may be sent at the request ofa user or automatically, for example. For example, a trader may utilizean electronic trading workstation to place an order for a particulartradeable object, manually providing one or more parameters for theorder, such as an order price and/or quantity. As another example, anautomated trading tool may calculate one or more parameters for an orderand automatically send the order. In some instances, an automatedtrading tool may prepare the order to be sent but not actually send itwithout confirmation from the user.

In certain embodiments, the trading device 110 includes a userinterface. The user interface may include one or more display devicesfor presenting a text-based and/or graphical interface of a tradingapplication to a user, for example. For example, the display devices mayinclude computer monitors, hand-held device displays, projectors, and/ortelevisions. The user interface may be used to specify or reviewparameters for an order using a trading application. The user interfacemay include one or more input devices for receiving input, for example.For example, the input devices may include a keyboard, trackball, two orthree-button mouse, and/or touch screen. The user interface may includeother devices for interacting with a user. For example, information maybe audibly provided to a user through a speaker and/or received througha microphone.

In certain embodiments, a trading application includes one or moretrading screens to enable a user to interact with one or more markets.Trading screens may enable users to obtain and view market information,set order entry parameters, enter and cancel orders, and/or monitorpositions while implementing various trading strategies, for example.For example, a trading application may receive information (such as bidprices, bid quantities, ask prices, ask quantities, prices andquantities for past sales, and/or other market related information) fromexchange 130, some or all of which, in turn, may be displayed with auser interface of trading device 110. Based on the received information,the trading screen may display a range of price levels and correspondingbid and ask quantities for the price levels in regard to tradeableobjects. In order to provide the user with pertinent tradinginformation, the trading screen may display a range of prices (and thecorresponding bid and ask quantities) around the inside market. Theinformation may be continuously or regularly provided to the tradingapplication, which allows the trading application to update the tradingscreen with current market information. A user may use the tradingscreen to place buy and sell orders for tradeable objects or tootherwise trade the tradeable objects based on the displayedinformation, for example.

Trading screens may display one or more trading tools. Trading tools areelectronic tools that allow, assist with, and/or facilitate electronictrading. Exemplary trading tools include, but are not be limited to,charts, trading ladders, order entry tools, automated trading tools,automated spreading tools, risk management tools, order parameter tools,order entry systems, market grids, fill windows, and market orderwindows, combinations thereof, other electronic tools used for trading,preparing to trade, managing trades, or analyzing the market.

In certain embodiments, the orders from the trading device 110 are sentto the exchange 130 through the gateway 120. The trading device 110 maycommunicate with the gateway 120 using a local area network, a wide areanetwork, a wireless network, a virtual private network, a T1 line, a T3line, an integrated services digital network (“ISDN”) line, apoint-of-presence, the Internet, and/or a shared memory system, forexample.

The gateway 120 is adapted to communicate with the trading device 110and the exchange 130. The gateway 120 facilitates communication betweenthe trading device 110 and the exchange 130. For example, the gateway120 may receive orders from the trading device 110 and transmit theorders to the exchange 130. As another example, the gateway 120 mayreceive market data from the exchange 130 and transmit the market datato the trading device 110.

In certain embodiments, the gateway 120 performs processing on datacommunicated between the trading device 110 and the exchange 130. Forexample, the gateway 120 may process an order received from the tradingdevice 110 into a data format understood by the exchange 130. Similarly,the gateway 120 may transform market data in an exchange-specific formatreceived from the exchange 130 into a format understood by the tradingdevice 110. The processing of the gateway 120 may also include trackingorders from the trading device 110 and updating the status of the orderbased on fill confirmations received from the exchange 130, for example.As another example, the gateway 120 may coalesce market data from theexchange 130 and provide it to the trading device 110.

In certain embodiments, the gateway 120 provides services other thanprocessing data communicated between the trading device 110 and theexchange 130. For example, the gateway 120 may provide risk processing.

The gateway 120 may include one or more electronic computing platformssuch as a hand-held device, laptop, desktop computer, workstation with asingle or multi-core processor, server with multiple processors, and/orcluster of computers, for example.

The gateway 120 may include one or more gateway applications. Thegateway application(s) may, for example, handle order processing andmarket data processing. This processing may be based on userpreferences, for example.

In certain embodiments, the gateway 120 communicates with the exchange130 using a local area network, a wide area network, a virtual privatenetwork, a T1 line, a T3 line, an ISDN line, a point-of-presence, theInternet, and/or a shared memory system, for example.

In general, the exchange 130 may be owned, operated, controlled, or usedby an exchange entity. Example exchange entities include the CME Group,the New York Stock Exchange/London International Financial Futures andOptions Exchange (“NYSE LIFFE”), the Intercontinental Exchange (“ICE”),and Eurex. The exchange 130 may include an electronic matching system,such as a computer, server, or other computing device, that is adaptedto allow tradeable objects, for example, offered for trading by theexchange, to be bought and sold. The electronic matching system mayinclude a matching engine, for example. The exchange 130 may includeseparate entities, some which list and/or administer tradeable objectsand others which receive and match orders, for example. The exchange 130may include an electronic communication network (“ECN”), for example.

The exchange 130 is adapted to match orders to buy and sell tradeableobjects. The tradeable objects may be listed for trading by the exchange130. The orders may include orders received from the trading device 110,for example. Orders may be received from the trading device 110 throughthe gateway 120, for example. In addition, the orders may be receivedfrom other devices in communication with the exchange 130. That is,typically the exchange 130 will be in communication with a variety ofother trading devices (which may be similar to trading device 110) thatalso provide orders to be matched.

The exchange 130 is adapted to provide market data. The market data maybe provided in one or more messages or data packets or through a sharedmemory system, for example. The market data may be provided to thetrading device 110, for example. The market data may be provided to thetrading device 110 through the gateway 120, for example. The market datamay include data that represents the inside market, for example. Theinside market is the lowest sell price (also referred to as the “bestask”) and the highest buy price (also referred to as the “best bid”) ata particular point in time (since the inside market may vary over time).The market data may also include market depth. Market depth refers tothe quantities available at the inside market and may also refer toquantities available at other prices away from the inside market. Thus,the inside market may be considered the first level of market depth. Onetick away from the inside market may be considered the second level ofmarket depth, for example. In certain embodiments, market depth isprovided for all price levels. In certain embodiments, market depth isprovided for less than all price levels. For example, market depth maybe provided only for the first five price levels on both sides of theinside market. As another example, market depth may be provided for thefirst ten price levels at which quantity is available in the market. Themarket data may also include information such as the last traded price(LTP), the last traded quantity (LTQ), and order fill information.

In certain embodiments, the system 100 includes more than one tradingdevice 110. For example, multiple trading devices similar to the tradingdevice 110, discussed above, may be in communication with the gateway120 to send orders to the exchange 130.

In certain embodiments, the system 100 includes more than one gateway120. For example, multiple gateways similar to the gateway 120,discussed above, may be in communication with the trading device 110 andthe exchange 130. Such an arrangement may be used to provide redundancyshould one gateway 120 fail, for example.

In certain embodiments, the system 100 includes more than one exchange130. For example, the gateway 120 may be in communication with multipleexchanges similar to the exchange 130, discussed above. Such anarrangement may allow the trading device 110 to trade at more than oneexchange through the gateway 120, for example.

In certain embodiments, the system 100 includes more than one exchange130 and more than one gateway 120. For example, multiple gatewayssimilar to the gateway 120, discussed above, may be in communicationwith multiple exchanges similar to the exchange 130, discussed above.Each gateway may be in communication with one or more differentexchanges, for example. Such an arrangement may allow one or moretrading devices 110 to trade at more than one exchange (and/or provideredundant connections to multiple exchanges), for example.

In certain embodiments, the trading device 110 includes one or morecomputing devices or processing components. In other words, thefunctionality of the trading device 110 may be performed by more thanone computing device. For example, one computing device may generateorders to be sent to the exchange 130 while another computing device mayprovide a graphical user interface to a user. In certain embodiments,the gateway 120 includes one or more computing devices or processingcomponents. In other words, the functionality of the gateway 120 may beperformed by more than one computing device. In certain embodiments, theexchange 130 includes one or more computing devices or processingcomponents. In other words, the functionality of the exchange 130 may beperformed by more than one computing device.

In certain embodiments, the gateway 120 is part of the trading device110. For example, the components of the gateway 120 may be part of thesame computing platform as the trading device 110. As another example,the functionality of the gateway 120 may be performed by components ofthe trading device 110. In certain embodiments, the gateway 120 is notpresent. Such an arrangement may occur when the trading device 110 doesnot need to utilize the gateway 120 to communicate with the exchange130, for example. For example, if the trading device 110 has beenadapted to communicate directly with the exchange 130.

In certain embodiments, the gateway 120 is physically located at thesame site as the trading device 110. In certain embodiments, the gateway120 is physically located at the same site as the exchange 130. Incertain embodiments, the trading device 110 is physically located at thesame site as the exchange 130. In certain embodiments, the gateway 120is physically located at a site separate from both the trading device110 and the exchange 130.

In certain embodiments, the system 100 may include other devices thatare specific to the communications architecture such as middleware,firewalls, hubs, switches, routers, exchange-specific communicationequipment, modems, security managers, and/or encryption/decryptiondevices.

II. Example Computing Device

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example computing device 200that may be used to implement the disclosed embodiments. The tradingdevice 110 of FIG. 1 may include one or more computing devices 200, forexample. The gateway 120 of FIG. 1 may include one or more computingdevices 200, for example. The exchange 130 of FIG. 1 may include one ormore computing devices 200, for example.

The computing device 200 includes a processor 202, an interconnectionbus 204, a chipset 206, a memory controller 208, an input/out (I/O)controller 210, a system memory 212, a mass storage memory 214, an I/Obus 216, a network interface 218, a display 220, an input device 222,and an output device 224. The computing device 200 may includeadditional, different, or fewer components. For example, multiple buses,multiple processors, multiple memory devices, multiple networkinterfaces, multiple display devices, multiple input devices, multipleoutput devices, or any combination thereof, may be provided. As anotherexample, the computing device 200 may not include an output device 224separate from the display device 220. As another example, the computingdevice 200 may not include a display device 220. As another example, thecomputing device 200 may not include an input device 222. Instead, forexample, the computing device 200 may be controlled by an external orremote input device via the network interface 218.

The computing device 200 includes a processor 202 that is coupled to aninterconnection bus 204. The interconnection bus 204 may include acommunication bus, channel, network, circuit, switch, fabric, or othermechanism for communicating data between components in the computingdevice 200. The interconnection bus 204 may be communicatively coupledwith and transfer data between any of the components of the computingdevice 200. For example, during an installation process of a tradingapplication, one or more computer-readable instructions that are to beexecuted by the processor 202 may be transferred from the input device222 and/or the network interface 218 to the system memory 212 and/or themass storage memory 214. When the computing device 200 is running orpreparing to run the trading application stored in the system memory 212and/or the mass storage memory 214, the processor 202 may retrieve theinstructions from the system memory 212 and/or the mass storage memory214 via the interconnection bus 204.

The processor 202 may be a processor, processing unit, ormicroprocessor, for example. The processor 202 may include one or moregeneral processors, digital signal processors, application specificintegrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays, analog circuits,digital circuits, programmed processors, and/or combinations thereof,for example. The processor 202 may be a single device or a combinationof devices, such as one or more devices associated with a network ordistributed processing. Any processing strategy may be used, such asmulti-processing, multi-tasking, parallel processing, and/or remoteprocessing. Processing may be local or remote and may be moved from oneprocessor to another processor. The computing device 200 may be amulti-processor system and, thus, may include one or more additionalprocessors that are communicatively coupled to the interconnection bus204.

The processor 202 may be operable to execute logic encoded in one ormore tangible media, such as the system memory 212, the mass storagememory 214, and/or via the network interface 218. As used herein, logicencoded in one or more tangible media includes instructions that areexecutable by the processor 202 or a different processor. The logic maybe stored as part of software, hardware, integrated circuits, firmware,and/or micro-code, for example. The logic may be received from anexternal communication device via a communication network, for example,connected to the Internet. The processor 202 may execute the logic toperform the functions, acts, or tasks illustrated in the figures ordescribed herein.

The processor 202 of FIG. 2 is coupled to the chipset 206, whichincludes the memory controller 208 and the I/O controller 210. A chipsettypically provides I/O and memory management functions as well as aplurality of general purpose and/or special purpose registers and timersthat are accessible or used by one or more processors coupled to thechipset 206. The memory controller 208 performs functions that enablethe processor 202 (or processors if there are multiple processors) toaccess the system memory 212 and the mass storage memory 214.

The system memory 212 and the mass storage memory 214 may be one or moretangible media, such as computer readable storage media, for example.The system memory 212 may include various types of volatile andnon-volatile storage media, including, for example, random access memory(RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM),electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electricallyerasable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, any other tangibledata storage device, any combination thereof. The mass storage memory214 may include various types of mass storage devices including, forexample, a hard disk drive, optical media, magnetic tape, any othertangible data storage device, or any combination thereof. In certainembodiments, the system memory 212 and the mass storage memory 214 arenon-transitory.

The system memory 212 and the mass storage memory 214 may be a singlememory module, for example. The system memory 212 and the mass storagememory 214 may be adjacent to, part of, programmed with, networked with,and/or remote from processor 202, such that data stored in the systemmemory 212 and the mass storage memory 214 may be retrieved andprocessed by the processor 202, for example. The system memory 212 andthe mass storage memory 214 may store instructions that are executableby the processor 202. The instructions may be executed to perform one ormore of the acts or functions described herein or shown in the figures.

The I/O controller 210 performs functions that enable the processor 202to communicate with the network interface 218, the display 220, theinput device 222, and the output device 224 through an I/O bus 216.While the memory controller 208 and the I/O controller 210 are depictedin FIG. 2 as separate blocks within the chipset 206, the functionsperformed by these blocks may be integrated within a singlesemiconductor circuit or may be implemented using two or more separateintegrated circuits. One or more of the components of the computingdevice 200 may be implemented as a system on a chip (for example, asystem on a chip in an IPHONE™).

The network interface 218 may be a one-way or two-way communicationcoupling. Accordingly, the network interface 218 may communicativelyconnect one, two, or more communication networks or devices. Forexample, the interconnection bus 204 may be coupled with a gatewaysimilar to gateway 120 of FIG. 1 discussed above via the networkinterface 218, such that one, some, or all of the components of thecomputing device 200 are accessible or may communicate with the gateway.As another example, the network interface 218 may couple theinterconnection bus 204 with other communication networks. The networkinterface 218 may be, for example, an integrated services digitalnetwork (ISDN) card or a modem to provide a data communicationconnection. As another example, network interface 218 may be a localarea network (LAN) card to provide a data communication connection to acompatible LAN, for example, connected to the Internet. Wireless linksmay also be implemented. The network interface 218 may send and receiveelectrical, electromagnetic, or optical signals that carry analog ordigital data streams representing various type of information, forexample.

The display device 220 may include a visual output device, cathode raytube (CRT) display, electronic display, electronic paper, flat paneldisplay, light-emitting diode (LED) display, electroluminescent display(ELD), plasma display panel (PDP), liquid crystal display (LCD),thin-film transistor display (TFT), organic light-emitting diode display(OLED), surface-conduction electron-emitter display (SED), lasertelevision, carbon nanotubes, nanocrystal display, head-mounted display,projector, three-dimensional display, and/or transparent display device,for example.

The display device 220 is adapted to display a trading screen. Thetrading screen may be similar to the trading screens discussed above,for example. The trading screen may be interactive. An interactivetrading screen may allow, for example, one or more trading actions to beperformed using the trading screen. For example, an interactive tradingscreen may allow one or more order entry parameters to be set and/orsent using one or more order entry actions. The display device 220and/or the input device 222 may be used to interact with the tradingscreen, for example.

The input device 222 may include a keyboard, mouse, microphone,touch-screen, trackball, keypad, joystick, and/or other device forproviding input, for example. The input device 222 may be used, forexample, to provide command selections to processor 202. For example,the input device 222 may be a mouse that is used to control a cursordisplayed on a trading screen. The mouse may include one or more buttonsfor selection and control, for example.

The output device 224 may include a keyboard, mouse, speakers,touch-screen, trackball, keypad, haptic device or system, joystick,and/or other device for providing output, for example. For example, theoutput device 224 may be used to output one or more signals, such as ahaptic signal or an audio signal, to a user. While the input device 222and output device 224 are depicted in FIG. 2 as separate blocks, thefunctions performed by these blocks may be integrated into a single I/Odevice.

III. Communication of Trading Data to Members of a Trading Circle

FIG. 3 illustrates an example trading circle manager 300 that may beused to implement certain embodiments disclosed herein. In certainembodiments, the example trading circle manager 300 of FIG. 3 isimplemented on or in connection with the example trading device 110 ofFIG. 1 . In certain embodiments, the trading circle manager 300comprises a separate computing device adapted to cooperate with thetrading device 110 of FIG. 1 , such as a server or gateway, for example.In other embodiments, the trading circle manager 300 comprisesexecutable instructions or code that may be implemented or otherwise runby the example trading device 110 of FIG. 1 .

In some embodiments, an instance of the example trading circle manager300 of FIG. 3 is implemented for each circle (sometimes referred toherein as a group) and the respective trading circle managers 300 can bededicated to the corresponding trading circle. The example tradingcircle manager 300 of can manage a plurality of circles for one or moreotherwise unrelated individuals or entities.

The example trading circle manager 300 enables a user of, for example,the trading device 110 of FIG. 1 and other trading devices to define andestablish one or more trading circles with other users for the purposeof communicating trading data among circle members. The communication oftrading data between members of a trading circle is facilitated by theexample trading circle manager 300 to provide trading data to members ofthe circle without waiting for an exchange to process informationreceived in connection with the trade data and generate an appropriateresponse (for example, provide a notification in response to asubmission). As a result, members of the trading circle receive tradingdata associated with other members faster than current systems. Incurrent systems, users interacting with an exchange wait for theexchange to process orders and/or other transactions before becomingaware that another user or entity placed the order or initiated thetransaction. In contrast to current systems, the example trading circlemanager 300 provides members of a circle with data related to, forexample, an order placed by a fellow circle member at an exchangewithout the receiving members of the circle having to wait for theexchange to process and disseminate data related to the order.

For example, when a first member of a circle established and managed bythe example trading circle manager 300 of FIG. 3 has a first orderworking at an exchange that involves a first tradeable object, a secondmember of the same trading circle may submit a second order to theexchange that involves the same first tradeable object. In currentsystems, to become aware of the second order, the first circle memberwould have to wait for the exchange to process the order submitted bythe second circle member and to disseminate information related tochanges at the market caused by the second order. Conversely, theexample trading circle manager 300 conveys data related to the secondorder to the first circle member as soon as the second order is sent tothe exchange by the second circle member (or a trading device associatedwith and/or utilized by the second circle member). In other words, theexample trading circle manager 300 conveys an indication of the secondorder for example, the indication may include details of the secondorder) in conjunction with (for example, at the same or substantiallythe same time as) the second order being sent to the exchange. As aresult, the example trading circle manager 300 causes the first circlemember to receive data related to the first tradeable object and anestimate or projection of the effects of first tradeable object on theexchange without the first circle member having to wait for the exchangeto process the second order of the second circle member.

Members of a circle receiving trading data from fellow members of thesame circle via the example trading circle manager 300 of FIG. 3 have adistinct advantage over non-circle members with regards to marketactivity performed by the other circle members. In particular,individuals and/or entities organized into trading circles and utilizingthe example trading circle manager 300 are likely to receive tradingdata before non-members. To continue the above example, by utilizing theexample trading circle manager 300 the first circle member receives datarelated to the second order submitted by the second circle member (forexample, price and quantity information contained within the secondorder and/or an indication that an additional order has been submittedin connection with the first tradeable object) at a first time, while anon-member is more likely to receive data related to the second order ata second time that is later than the first time. In such instances, thefirst time corresponds to a time at which the second order is sent tothe exchange, while the second time corresponds to a time after theexchange has received the second order, processed the second order, anddisseminated data related to the processing of the second order. Thefirst member of the circle can, in turn, utilize the period of timebetween the first and second times provided by the example tradingcircle manager 300 to take one or more actions in connection with, forexample, the first tradeable object before the non-member is even awareof the second order.

The example trading circle manager 300 of FIG. 3 includes a circledefinition module 302 in communication with a circle definition database304 via a communication interface 322. The example trading circlemanager 300 further incorporates a communications module 306 configuredto provide connectivity to the members of the one or more managed andcontrolled trading circles. For example, the communication module 306may provide connectivity, in the form of, for example, received ordetected trade orders and/or trade order updates, to an order statusmonitor 308. The order status monitor 308 may be configured to identifytrade orders and trader order updates or modifications communicatedbetween individual circle members and, for example, the exchange 130shown in FIG. 1 . In certain examples, an exchange analysis module 310is arranged in communication with the order status module 308 and othermodules and components of the manager 300 and configured to determinethe effects of identified trader order communications on the exchange.The trading circle manager 300 further includes a circle data manager312 configured to cross-correlate the individual position data of eachcircle member operable within each of the one or more managed andcontrolled trading circles. The trading circle manager 300 incorporatesa price data monitor 314 to comprehensively monitor, increase and/orestimate the trade order data available to the individual circle memberscomprising each trading circle. The trading circle manager 300 mayfurther incorporate a theoretical fill module 320 configured tosynchronize trade order data between individual circle membersidentified as potential counterparties with respect to a particulartradable object.

The example trading circle manager 300 of FIG. 3 depicts a circledefinition module 302 in communication with a circle definition database304 and configured to establish a circle upon receiving a request from,for example, a user registered with the example trading circle manager300. Requests to establish a circle can also be received in connectionwith a user request to register with the example trading circle manager300. In operation, the example circle definition module 302 prompts therequesting user for information needed to define a trading circle. Forexample, the circle definition module 302 may request, among otherthings, information that includes: a trading circle name; anadministrator name; one or more admin, circle and user passwords;membership restrictions; selections of predefined terms and/orregulations; contact information; an invitation list of desired members;and market information. Membership restrictions can include, forexample, restrictions by company, by corporate division, by the assetclass being traded, by user title or class (e.g., manager, marketmaker), by risk limits or any other user definable circle criteria.Additional, different and/or less information may be requested andutilized to define the trading circle according to the requirementsestablished by the user. The example circle definition module 302 usesthe provided information to create a definition for the requestedtrading circle. Creating the definition includes, for example,generating a unique identifier to be assigned to the trading circle andto be used to communicate data within the trading circle (for example,by tagging packets of data with the unique identifier). The examplecircle definition module 302 adds an entry to the example circledefinition database 304 including the generated unique identifier, theinformation provided by the requesting user, and/or any other suitableinformation in connection with the entry.

When the information provided by the requesting user includes a list ofpeople and/or entities to invite to the trading circle, the examplecircle definition module 302 of FIG. 3 sends an invitation to each ofthe invitees. To send the invitation, the example circle definitionmodule 302 uses contact information provided in connection with the listsuch as, for example, an email address or social network accountidentifier (for example, a FACEBOOK® account name). The example circledefinition module 302 can include information in the invitation thatenables the invitees to access and join the established trading circle.For example, the invitation can include a web address, a trading circlename and a password. The invitation sent by the example circledefinition module 302 can also include instructions to visit the webaddress and to enter the trading circle name and password intocorresponding input fields on a web page found at the web address. If aninvitee follows the instructions of the invite, the example circledefinition module 302 receives an indication association with theinvitee and uses the indication to add the corresponding invitee to theestablished trading circle. Adding an invitee to an established tradingcircle includes, for example, including identifying informationassociated with the invitee in the corresponding entry of the definitiondatabase 304.

The example trading circle manager 300 can facilitate additional andalternative manners of informing people of the trading circle. That is,people can learn of one or more trading circle through vehicles otherthan the initial invitation process described above. In some examples,members of the trading circle, administrators and non-administratorsalike, can invite people to a trading circle after the trading circlehas been established and/or has been operating. Alternatively, peoplecan learn of the trading circle without being inviting. To enable peopleto opt-in or otherwise request admittance to a trading circle, theexample circle definition module 302 may provide a web link or othermechanism to trigger a request submission directed to the trading circlemanager 300. The information requested in connection with the submissionoption provided by the circle definition module 302 can be customizablebased on administrator established requirements for each respectivetrading circle. The example circle definition module 302 receives suchopt-in requests and communicates information related to the requests to,for example, a founder or administrator of the corresponding tradingcircle. The circle definition module 302 waits for a response indicativeof whether the person or entity requesting membership in the tradingcircle is approved. If so, the example circle definition module 302 addsthe requesting person or entity to the appropriate entry of thedefinition database 304. Otherwise, the example circle definition module302 informs the requesting user that membership has been denied.

FIGS. 4A to 4C and 5 depict exemplary circle configurations andcommunication architectures that may be implemented by the tradingcircle manager 300. FIG. 4A depicts exemplary circle configurations,which may be implemented by the trading circle manager 300 and inaccordance with the disclosure provided herein. The features, elements,and capabilities associated with the illustrated circle configurationsshown in FIG. 4A are further discussed and explained in connection withthe trading circle manager 300 shown in FIG. 3 . FIG. 4B depicts anexemplary distributed communication architecture, which may beimplemented by the trading circle manager 300 and in accordance with thedisclosure provided herein. FIG. 4C depicts an exemplary centralizedcommunication architecture, which may be implemented by the tradingcircle manager 300 and in accordance with the disclosure providedherein.

The circle definition module 302 establishes trading circles thatinclude any individuals, users and/or trading applications or componentspossessing one or more of the predefined characteristics associated witheach circle. FIG. 4A illustrates a plurality of example trading circlesthat can be established and managed by the trading circle manager 300.FIG. 4A includes a first trading organization 400 and a second tradingorganization 402. The first trading organizations 400 employs and/orotherwise represents individual traders and the associated tradingdevices 400 a to 400 m, and the second trading organization 402 employsand/or otherwise represents individual traders and the associatedtrading devices 402 a to 402 n. The individual trading devices 400 a to400 m and 402 a to 402 n are configured to interact with, for example,the exchange 130 of FIG. 1 . The trading devices 400 a to 400 m and 402a to 402 n, as well as the remaining trading devices shown in FIGS. 4Ato 4C may be implemented as discussed and described in connection withthe trading device 110 shown in FIG. 1 . Trading devices 404, 406 and408 represent individual traders and/or groups of traders unaffiliatedwith the trading organizations 400 and 402. In certain embodiments, thetrading devices depicted in FIGS. 4A to 4C can represent differenttrading programs operating on the same or difference trading devices. Incertain embodiments, the trading devices depicted in FIGS. 4A to 4Crepresent instances of AUTOSPREADER® and/or AUTOTRADER™ operating on thesame or difference trading devices.

The example configuration illustrated in FIG. 4A also includes a socialnetwork 410 such as FACEBOOK® or LINKEDIN®, comprising plurality ofusers and contributors to the same social network service. The socialnetworks may be private networks established for a definite group suchas a business or community organization. Individual users of the socialnetwork 410 can self-organize in smaller collections and communitiesusing the services of the social network based on shared collegeattendance, common geographic area, a shared or common interest, etc. Insome instances, community members can send messages or post messagesthat are accessible to other members of the same community. In theexample of FIG. 4A, users of the social network 410 include individualsor groups of individuals represented by the trading devices 412 to 418and 420 to 426.

FIG. 4A further illustrates an example of trading circles that can beestablished between the discussed and described individual tradingdevices, trading organizations and social network. A first tradingcircle 450 encompasses the individuals and trading devices comprisingthe first trading organization 400. A second trading circle 452encompasses the individuals and trading devices comprising the secondtrading organization 402. A third trading circle 454 includes tradingdevices 412 to 418 representing a subset of the members of the socialnetwork 410. A fourth trading circle 456 includes the second tradingorganization 402 (as well as the second trading circle 452) and theindividual trading devices 404 and 406. A fifth trading circle 458 isdefined to include individual trading device 408 and trading device 406of the fourth trading circle 456. The trading device 406 indicates thata single individual and their associated trading device maysimultaneously be a member of more than one trading circle (e.g., thefourth trading circle 456 and the fifth trading circle 458.) Additionalor alternative trading circles can be formed and managed by the exampletrading circle manager 300 of FIG. 3 . For purposes of discussion, thefirst trading circle 450 and the trading devices 400 a to 400 m of thefirst trading circle 450 are used in the following description. However,the following description and examples disclosed herein can apply and/orbe utilized by any of the example trading circles of FIGS. 4A to 4Cand/or any other groups of users.

Returning the example depiction of the trading circle manager 300 shownin FIG. 3 , the illustrated communication module 306 facilitatescommunication of trading data among the members of a trading circle,such as an example trading circle 450 shown in FIG. 4A. In oneembodiment, the trading circle 450 may include each member or user ofTTNET™ provided by Trading Technologies International, Inc. The examplecommunication module 306 may be configured to organize, prioritize andcommunicate any type of trading data that the individual circle membershave agreed to share with their fellow circle members. In some examples,each of the circle members has access to and/or receives the sameinformation from the other circle members. In one embodiment, theexample communication module 306 communicates circle data related tofellow circle members via a feed or other multicast communication thatis configured to transmit data to each subscriber of the feed. Inanother embodiment, the communication module 306 may be configured tobroadcast discrete messages and/or communication packets to directly toindividual circle members. In yet another embodiment, the communicationmodule 306 may communicate trading data in response to an informationquery received from one or more of the circle members. The communicationmodule 306 generates the feed based on a feed information portion of thecircle definition stored in the definition database 304. Further, thecircle definition module 302 subscribes circle members to the feed(s)implemented by the example communication module 306. For example, thetrading device 400 a associated with the first member of the tradingcircle 450 may be configured to receive data via a feed implemented andprovided by the communication module 306. The example communicationmodule 306 can utilize additional or alternative communicationtechniques to convey trading data to the trading devices 400 a to 400 mcomprising the example trading circle 450.

In the illustrated example, the order status monitor 308 of FIG. 3detects orders and/or modifications to orders communicated by one ormore of the trading devices 400 a to 400 m to the exchange 130. Inoperation, the order status monitor 308 detects one or more messagetransmitted to or from any of the trading devices 400 a to 400 m to theexchange 130 via the gateway 120 and Internet or other wide area network470. The example order status monitor 308 determines a type of thedetected message including, for example, whether the detected messagepertains to an order, a modification request for an order, or any othertype of message sent to the exchange the exchange. The example tradingcircle manager 300 can include additional or alternative analysismodules to identify additional or alternative interactions with theexchange by the circle members.

In some examples, the order status monitor 308 immediately triggers thecommunication module 306 to send data related to the detected message tothe exchange analysis module 310 and/or the trading devices 400 a to 400m comprising the trading circle 450. In the illustrated example, theexchange analysis module 310 determines the effects (if any) that thedetected order and/or order modification will have on, for example, anorder book of the corresponding exchange. For example, the detectedmessage may correspond to a hedge order of a lean leg of a spread tradebeing placed at the exchange by the trading device 400 a of the tradingcircle 450 in response to a quoting leg being filled. In such instances,the exchange analysis module 310 determines that the hedge order willreduce the quantity available at the corresponding price level by someamount (depending on the hedge order quantity and the currentavailability of the tradeable object at the price level of the hedgeorder). Other members of the trading circle 450 may be leaning on thetradeable object for a similar or the same price. If so, knowledge ofthe detected hedge order and the resulting reduction in quantity of thetradeable object is valuable information to those fellow circle membersleaning on the tradeable object. Receipt of the data related to thedetected hedge order by the circle members before non-circle membersenables the circle members to react to the reduction in quantity beforethe non-circle members.

As another example, if the detected message is a buy order having aquantity of one-hundred (100) and a price of ninety (90) and theexchange indicates that a quantity of seventy-five (75) (i.e., less thanthe order quantity) of the tradeable object is available to buy at aprice of ninety (90), the example exchange analysis module 310determines that the tradeable object will not be available at ninety(90), or at least is not likely to be available to buy at ninety (90)for a period of time (for example, in the case that the quantity to buyof the tradeable object is added to the ninety (90) price level sometimeafter the initial buy order is detected). Again, knowledge of theexpected changes at the exchange is value information to fellow circlemembers and the example trading circle manager 300 provides thatknowledge to circle members before the knowledge is available tonon-circle members.

As another example, if the detected message is a buy order having aquantity of one hundred (100) and a price of ninety (90) and theexchange indicates that a quantity of five hundred (500) (i.e., morethan the order quantity) of the tradeable object is available to buy ata price ninety (90), the example exchange analysis module 310 determinesthat the quantity to buy of the tradeable object at ninety (90) is soonto be reduced by one hundred (100), or at least is likely to be reducedby one hundred (100), for example, in the case that quantity of thetradeable object is increased or decreased sometime after the initialbuy order is detected. Again, knowledge of the expected changes at theexchange is value information to fellow circle members and the exampletrading circle manager 300 provides that knowledge to circle membersbefore the knowledge is available to non-circle members.

The trading devices 400 a to 400 m and other trading devices of theillustrated examples are capable of generating and communicating a widevariety of orders, trading strategies, configurations, etc. Differenttypes of messages detected by the order status monitor 308 and analyzedby the example exchange analysis module 310 can affect different typesof counterpart orders and/or trading strategies in different ways. Theexample exchange analysis module 310 of FIG. 3 is configured todetermine these effects and to prepare the effects for communication tothe trading devices 400 a to 400 m of the trading circle 450. Themembers of the trading circle 450 can utilize the information providedby the example order status monitor 308 and/or the example exchangeanalysis module 310 in any suitable manner (for example, by configuringa respective one of the trading devices 400 a to 400 m to automaticallyadjust or re-plan a trading strategy in response to indication(s) ofchanges in price and/or quantity.)

The example trading circle manager 300 also includes a circle datamanager 312. The example circle data manager 312 maintains comprehensiveaccess to the position data (for example, working orders) of individualcircle members comprising the trading circle 450. With that data, theexample circle data manager 312 comprehensively monitors and tracks thedata feeds containing a particular market aspect or aspects (forexample, the tradeable objects, one or more market events, and otheruser defined and identifiable metrics set forth in the circledefinition) to which the individual circle members comprising thetrading circle 450 are interested and subscribed. In other words, theexample circle data manager 312 of FIG. 3 tracks which of the individualcircle members will be affected by different types of changes associatedwith one or more exchanges. The example circle data manager 312 works inconjunction with the exchange analysis module 310 to filter andotherwise limit communication of trading data to relevant or interestedmembers of the trading circle 450. In particular, the example circledata manager 312 receives information from the exchange analysis module310 regarding which aspects of the exchange are affected by a detectedorder/modification associated with a circle member. For example, theorder status monitor 308 may detect a message sent by the trading device400 a operable within the trading circle 450 to the exchange 130 (seeFIG. 1 ) that involves a tradable object ‘X’. Further, the exampleexchange analysis module 310 determines that the detected message willor is likely to result in a reduction of quantity of ‘X’ at one or moreprice levels. Further, the example circle data manager 312 knows thatthe second trading device 400 b has at least one order working at theexchange 130 that involves ‘X’ and that the third trading device 400 cdoes not have any subscriptions, orders, or trading strategies thatinvolve ‘X’. In such instances, the example circle data manager 312instructs the communication module 306 to convey information related tothe detected message (e.g., data related to trading device 400 aprovided to trading device 400 b) and/or the analysis performed by theexchange analysis module 310 to the second trading device 400 b and tofilter and forego communication of the information to the third tradingdevice 400 c (not shown).

The selective communication provided by the circle data manager 312 canbe deactivated for some all of the members of the trading circle 450.Instead of filtering the information conveyed by the communicationmodule 306, the example circle data manager 312 can be deactivated andthe exchange analysis module 310 and/or the order status monitor 308 caninstruct the communication module 306 to convey the data providedthereby to all circle members alike.

The example trading circle manager 300 of FIG. 3 may incorporate a pricedata monitor 314 to increase and/or estimate the amount of priceinformation available to members of the trading circle 450. As describedabove, many exchanges limit the number of price levels for whichquantity data is disseminated. FIG. 5 represents a screenshot of atrading window 500 that reflects price level and market depthinformation related to a tradeable object available at the exchange 130of FIG. 1 . The different price levels are shown in a value column 502,which includes increments or ticks of twenty-five (25) unitsrepresenting, for example, $0.25. A bid quantity column 504 alignsadjacent to a first edge of the value column 502 and an ask quantitycolumn 506 aligns adjacent to a second edge of the value column 502. Asshown in FIG. 5 , the exchange 130 indicates that a bid quantity offifty-four (54) is present at the price level of five hundredtwenty-five (525), that a bid quantity of ninety-seven (97) is presentat the price level of five hundred (500), and so on. Further, theexchange 130 indicates that a sell quantity of sixty-one (61) is presentat the price level of five hundred fifty (550), that a sell quantity offorty-seven (47) is present at the price level of five hundredseventy-five (575). However, the exchange does not disseminate databeyond the price level of four hundred-twenty-five (425) in the bidcolumn 504 or beyond the price level of six hundred seventy-five (675)in the sell column 506. As a result, the exchange 130 provides a limitedview of the market.

To provide a more complete view of the market, the example price datamonitor 314 gathers information from the trading devices 400 a to 400 mof the trading circle 450 and uses the data to provide the circlemembers with information related to price levels for which the exchange130 is not disseminating information. With reference to the example ofFIG. 5 , the price data monitor 314 provides information to members ofthe trading circle 450 regarding the price levels of four hundred (400),three hundred seventy-five (375), three hundred fifty (350) and beyondon the bid side. Further, the example price data monitor 314 providesinformation to members of the trading circle 450 regarding the pricelevels of seven hundred (700), seven hundred twenty-five (725), sevenhundred fifty (750) and beyond on the ask side. In the example of FIG. 5, the price data monitor 314 displays the additional informationprovided thereby in first and second expansion columns 508 and 510.However, the example price data monitor 314 can communicate theadditional price level information provided thereby via additional oralternative manners.

To gather information, the example price data monitor 314 accesses, forexample, working orders of the trading devices 400 a to 400 m that haveprice levels outside the price level range currently being disseminatedby the exchange 130. Thus, the example price data monitor 314 determinesthe price level range for which the exchange is currently disseminationinformation and then queries the trading devices 400 a to 400 m todetermine if any of the trading device 400 a to 400 m have ordersworking outside the determined range. Alternatively, the example pricedata monitor 314 can collect data related to all of the working ordersof the trading devices 400 a to 400 m and then determine which of theworking orders fall outside the price level range for which the exchangeis currently disseminating information.

To utilize the collected information, the example price data monitor 314of FIG. 3 includes an aggregator 316 and an extrapolator 318. In theillustrated example of FIG. 3 , the aggregator 316 and the extrapolator318 provide separate, but related functions. The example aggregator 316combines the data collected from the trading devices 400 a to 400 mrelated to the price levels for which the exchange 130 is notdisseminating information to form a quantity for each those pricelevels. For example, if the first trading device 400 a of the tradingcircle 450 has a working order involving the tradeable object of FIG. 5having a bid quantity of twenty (20) at the four-hundred (400) pricelevel, and the second trading device 400 b has a working order involvingthe tradeable object of FIG. 5 having a bid quantity of fourteen (14) atthe four-hundred (400) price level, the example aggregator 316 combinesthe bid quantities to indicate that the four-hundred (400) price levelhas at least a quantity of thirty-four (34). That information isreflected in the first expansion column 508 of FIG. 5 . If additionalones of the trading devices 400 a to 400 m of the trading circle 450 hadworking orders at the four-hundred (400) price level, the aggregator 316would add the corresponding quantity to the total shown in FIG. 5 .

While the additional price level data provided by the example aggregator316 is accurate, the aggregator 316 is limited by the proportion of thetotal working orders at the exchange 130 attributable to the tradingcircle 450. In some instances, the working orders of the trading circle450 may represent a very small portion of the total orders working atthe exchange 130. Thus, the value of thirty-four (34) described abovemay represent a small fraction of the actual quantity available at thefour hundred (400) price level. Nevertheless, the aggregator 316provides expanded price level information to the circle members that isvaluable and unavailable to non-circle members.

To provide an expanded view of the market than the aggregator 316, theexample extrapolator 318 of FIG. 3 generates estimates of availablequantities at the different price levels for which the exchange 130 isnot disseminating information. The example extrapolator 318 uses knownprice information regarding the trading circle 450 and the exchange 130to generate estimations of unknown price information associated with theexchange 130. To do so, the example extrapolator 318 determines aportion of the total market for a tradeable object attributable to thetrading circle 450, as a whole, within the price level ranges for whichthe exchange 130 is disseminating price information. In certainembodiments, the example extrapolator 318 may operate using a variety ofextrapolation techniques such as: historical extrapolation, linearextrapolation, polynomial extrapolation, percentage extrapolation andany other know or later developed technique.

For example, with reference to FIG. 5 , the extrapolator 318 determinesthat the working orders of the trading devices 400 a to 400 m of thetrading circle 450 at price levels for which the exchange 130 isdisseminating price information have quantities that sum to one hundredeighteen (118). At the same time, the example extrapolator 318determines that the sum quantity disseminated by the exchange 130 isfive hundred ninety (590), which is the sum of the bid and ask quantitycolumns 504 and 506. Accordingly, the example extrapolator 318determines that the working orders of the trading devices 400 a to 400 mat the price levels for which the exchange is disseminating priceinformation account for twenty percent (20%) of the market. The exampleextrapolator 318 uses the calculated percentage to generate one or moreextrapolations or estimations for the price levels beyond those forwhich the exchange 130 is disseminating price information. Inparticular, the example extrapolator 318 determines a collectivequantity of working orders of the trading devices 400 a to 400 m atprice levels for which the exchange 130 is not disseminatinginformation. The example extrapolator 318 applies the calculatedpercentage to the collective quantities to generate an estimatedquantity at the exchange 130 for the each (or a subset of) the pricelevels outside of the disseminated price levels. To continue the aboveexample, if the extrapolator 318 determines that the trading devices 400a to 400 m collective have a quantity of fifteen (15) at a price levelof 375, the example extrapolator 318 multiplies fifteen (15) by five (5)(per the 20% calculated above) to arrive at an estimated quantity ofseventy-five (75) for the entire market at the price level ofthree-hundred seventy-five (375). The example extrapolator 318 performssimilar calculations for any suitable number of the price levels fallingoutside the range of price levels for which the exchange 130 isdisseminating price information. The example price data monitor 314facilitates the communication of the extrapolations or estimations via,for example, one or more additional columns to the example window 500 ofFIG. 5 and/or any other suitable user interface.

Thus, the example price data monitor 314 of FIG. 3 uses data related tomembers of the trading circle 450 to develop price information for pricelevels that the exchange 130 is not disseminating price information.Whether the aggregator 316 or the extrapolator 318 provides the expandedprice information, the members of the trading circle 450 are privy tothe information while non-circle members are not. Accordingly, theexample price data monitor 314 provides the members of the tradingcircle 450 with a distinct advantage when interacting with the example130 over non-circle members.

The example trading circle manager 300 of FIG. 3 also includes atheoretical fill module 320 that informs a first member of the tradingcircle 450 that one or more orders associated with the first member arelikely to be filled based on trading data associated with one or morefellow members of the trading circle 450. The example theoretical fillmodule 320 tracks working orders of the circle members and the detailsof the working orders. For example, the theoretical fill module 320tracks an identity of a tradeable object associated with the workingorders, the bid/price of the working orders, and the quantities of theworking orders. In other words, for a particular tracked working orders,the example theoretical fill module 320 tracks and stores (or has accessto) information for the working order that indicates what marketcondition(s) need to exist for the working order to be filled.

Further, the example theoretical fill module 320 receives indicationsfrom the order status monitor 308 that one or more orders have beenplaced by someone in the trading circle 450. Alternatively, the exampletheoretical fill module 320 can detect the one or more orders beingplaced by a fellow circle member. The example theoretical fill module320 analyzes the placed order(s) to determine whether the marketcondition(s) that need to exist for the tracked working order(s) to befilled are created by the order(s) placed by the fellow circlemember(s). In other words, the example theoretical fill module 320determines whether one member of the trading circle 450 has taken anaction, such as placing an order, which will result in or is likely toresult in a working order of another member of the trading circle 450being filled or at least partially filled. The theoretical fill module320 makes these determinations based on information that is shared amongthe circle members before or at the same time as the information beingsent to the exchange 130. Thus, the example theoretical fill module 320can inform a circle member that an order is going to be filled or islikely to be filled before that circle member is informed of the fill bythe exchange 130.

For example, a first member of the trading circle 450 may have an orderworking at the exchange 130 to buy one-hundred (100) units of atradeable object having the symbol GEH1 for $9968.00. While the order ofthe first circle member is working, a second member of the tradingcircle 450 may place an order to sell ‘n’ units of GEH1 at $9968.00,where ‘n’ is less than one-hundred (100). In the illustrated example,the theoretical fill detector 320 detects the order placed by the secondcircle member and determines that the order is likely to be filled basedon the position of the first circle member. In particular, the order ofthe second circle member is likely to be filled because a quantity ofmore than ‘n’ exists at the price level of $9968.00. In response to thisdetection, the example theoretical fill module 320 causes thecommunication module 306 to send a theoretical fill indication to thesecond circle member along with the details of the calculationsperformed by the theoretical fill module 320 (for example, that aquantity of ‘n’ of the order is likely to be filled). Additionally, thecommunication module 306 can include a flag or other type of indicatorthat identifies the theoretical fill as a likely fill, as opposed to acertainty that the order will be filled. Additional or alternativeinformation can be conveyed to the second circle member in connectionwith the operations of the theoretical fill module 320, such as detailsregarding the working order of the first circle member or the identityof the first circle member.

The example theoretical fill module 320 additionally tracks and analyzesthe priority and/or queue positions of the circle members at theexchange 130 shown in FIG. 1 . The exchange 130 may implement differenttypes of priority or queue policies, such as a FIFO (first in first out)priority policy. The example theoretical fill module 320 may use thequeue position information to calculate a likelihood that the workingorders of the circle members will be filled based on activity of fellowcircle members. Continuing the example scenario described above, if thetheoretical fill module 320 determines that the first member of thetrading circle 450 has a high priority or favorable queue position atthe exchange 130, the theoretical fill module 320 can inform the firstmember of the trading circle 450 that the working order is about to befilled by a quantity of ‘n’ due the order placed by a second member ofthe trading circle 450. If the order of the second member of the tradingcircle 450 had been greater than ‘n,’ the example theoretical fillmodule 320 would inform the first member of the trading circle 450 thatthe entire working order of one hundred (100) units is about to befilled. Alternatively, if the first member of the trading circle 450 hasa low priority or a less favorable queue position, the exampletheoretical fill module 320 tempers expectations of the first circlemember having the working order filled. The message sent to the firstmember of the trading circle 450 via the communication module 306 caninclude likelihood data (for example, a percentage) calculated by thetheoretical fill module 320. The calculations of the theoretical fillmodule 320 can additionally or alternatively consider quantities aheadof the first member of the trading circle 450 in the priority of theexchange 130 when determines how likely (for example, according to apercentage) the working order of the first member of the trading circle450 is to be filled due to, for example, the placement of the order ofby the second member of the trading circle 450 and/or other informationfrom the exchange 130 or fellow members of the trading circle 450. Thus,the example theoretical fill module 320 provides indications and/orlikelihoods of positions at the exchange 130 being filled based on (atleast) activity of fellow members of the trading circle 450. The exampletheoretical fill module 320 provides the indications and/or likelihoodsbefore the exchange 130 processes the information, thereby providing anadvantage to the collective circle members.

FIG. 4B illustrates a distributed communication configuration such as apoint-to-point or mesh configuration that may be implemented and managedby the example trading circle manager 300. In particular, instancesand/or versions of the example trading circle manager 300 may beoperable in each of the trading devices 400 a to 400 m, 402 a to 402 n,404, 406, 408 and 412 to 418 shown in FIG. 4B and configured to sharetrade and circle data with other circle members. The individualinstances of the trading circle manager 300 further allow the associatedtrading devices to communicate trade orders to the exchange 130 eitherdirectly or via the gateway 120. The trading circle manager 300 may be adistributed instance of the trading circle manager 300.

In the illustrated example shown in FIG. 4B, the trading devices 400 ato 400 m of trading organization 400 comprise the trading circle 450 andeach include an example instance of the trading circle manager 300. Inoperation, the trading device 400 a may be configured to communicate atrade order (as indicated by the reference arrow 460) to a network 440.In this example, the network 440 may be a public network such as theInternet and/or a private network such as a corporate wide-area network.The communicated trade order 460 may, in turn, be routed and deliveredto the exchange 130 via the network 440. Communication of the tradeorder 460 to the exchange 130 may trigger the trading circle manager 300to provide an update to one or more of the circle members. For example,if the trade order 460 is a buy order for 10 units of a tradable objectat a price level of four hundred fifty (450) as shown in FIG. 5 , thenthe order status monitor 308 of the trading circle manager 300 detectsand captures the information associated with this order. The orderstatus monitor 308 in cooperation with the communication module 306 andthe exchange analysis module 310 determines the effects the trade order460 may have upon the order book related to the tradable objectmaintained at the exchange 130. The circle data, including the estimatedor projected effects of the trade order 460, generated by the exchangeanalysis module 310 can be communicated by the trading circle manager300 and the communication module 306 the remaining trading devices 400 band 400 m as indicated by the reference arrows 462 a and 462 b,respectively. In this way, individual members of the trading circle 450are able to act upon the information contained within the trade order460 (based on the effects or estimated effects contained in one or moreof the received updates 462 a and 462 b) before a response 461 has beengenerated by the exchange 130 and delivered to the originating tradingdevice 400 a.

Members of the circle 450 may further share and communicate latencyinformation based on, for example, the calculated round trip timeassociated with sending the trade order 460 and receiving a response 461from the exchange 130. In particular, the time stamp from eachcommunication sent and received by each member of the trade circle 450can be tracked and stored. The stored timestamp values can, in turn, beutilized to calculate a time descriptive of the message latencyexperienced by users interacting with the exchange 130. As thisinformation changes over time due to trading activity, the availabilityof network resources, etc., the cumulative latency information may beused to construct a latency profile for each exchange 130. Theindividual latency information as well as a latency profile may beutilized by a trader, a trading algorithm or other information consumerto direct markets communications to an exchange and/or marketexperiencing the lowest latency.

Members of the circle 450 may further share and communicate marketcondition information based on, for example, the fills, rejects and/orlimits generated or experience in response to communication of the tradeorder 460 to the exchange 130. For example, if one or more circlemembers receives a rejection within a given period of time, this mayindicate the presences of a throttle limit at the target exchange 130.By measuring and tracking rejections from a given exchange 130 as afunction of time, the trading circle manage 300 may be able to estimatethe throttle limit. Similarly, by measuring and tracking rejections froma given exchange 130 as a function of price level, the trading circlemanage 300 may be able to estimate any active price range requirementsin force at the exchange. The gathered market condition information maybe utilized by a trader, a trading algorithm or other informationconsumer to direct markets communications to a preferred exchange and/ormarket.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, the circle data manager 312 of thetrading circle manager 300 may determine that one or more of theremaining trading devices 400 b to 400 m as no open positions related tothe tradable object associated with the trade order 460. In thisinstance, the trading device having no open positions in the tradableobject may be identified by the circle data manager 312 as not needingthe determine results and/or projected results. In this way, the tradingdevice having no open positions can be spared receiving an unnecessarycommunication or update from the trading circle manager 300.Alternatively, a trading device having no open positions in the tradableobject may elect to subscribe to the data feed containing the circledata in order to monitor, and possibly act, on the activity within themarket.

FIG. 4B further illustrates that the individual trading device 404 ofthe trading circle 456 may be configured to communicate a trade order463 to the network 440 and exchange 130 via the gateway 120. In thisexample, the trade order 463 generated by the trading device 404 isassociated with the one or more tradable objects identified in thecircle definition module 302 and the circle definition database 304 andutilized to establish the trading circle 456. Communication of the tradeorder 463 to the gateway 120 and exchange 130 triggers the simultaneouscommunication of circle data to the remaining circle members. Inparticular, the trading device 404 communicates a circle data update 464a to the trading organization 402 and a circle data update 464 b to theindividual trading device 406. Accordingly, the trading organization 402including trading devices 402 a to 402 n and the individual tradingdevice 406 may act upon the information contained within the updates 464a and 464 b before an order acknowledgment or fill 465 is available tobe acted upon by the trading device 404 or any other non-circle member.In this way, members of the trading circle 456 may have a time and/orspeed advantage over non-circle members such as members of the socialnetwork 410 or the individual trading device 408.

FIG. 4C illustrates a centralized communication configuration that maybe implemented and managed by the example trading circle manager 300. Inparticular, each of the trading devices 400 a to 400 m, 402 a to 402 n,404, 406, 408 and 412 to 418 shown in FIG. 4C communicates with andprovides updates to a standalone version of the trading circle manager300. In this configuration, trade and circle data may be aggregatedand/or compiled by the standalone trading circle manager 300 for to oneor more of the trading circles and associated circle members. Thestandalone trading circle manager 300 may further be configured toaggregate and disseminate latency and/or fill information related to theindividual circle members.

In the illustrated example shown in FIG. 4C, the trading devices 402 ato 402 n of the trading organization 402, individual trading devices 404and 406 as well as the remaining trading devices 400 a to 400 m, 408 and412 to 426 are configured to communicate with the centralized andstandalone trading circle manager 300. In operation, the trading device402 a may be configured to communicate a trade order (as indicated bythe reference arrow 480) to the centralized trading circle manager 300.In the present example, the standalone and centralized trading circlemanager 300 is communicatively coupled to the exchange 130 via the andthe network 440. Upon receipt of the communicated trade order 480, thetrading circle manager 300 may, as described above, analyze the detailscontained within the order and communicate an update containing circledata to the remaining members of the trading circle 456. Thus,communication of the trade order 480 to the centralized trading circlemanager 300 triggers the communication of trade data updates 482 a to482 c and the associated circle data to the trading devices 402 n, 404and 406, respectively. The circle data contained in the trade dataupdates 482 a to 482 c allows the trading devices 402 n, 404 and 406within the trading circle 456 to act upon the information withoutwaiting for a confirmation or update from the exchange 130. Conversely,the original trade order 480 continues on to the exchange 130 and thenetwork 440.

The exchange 130, as illustrated in FIG. 4C, generates a response, fillor other communication 484 in response to receipt of the trade order480. The communication 484 generated by the exchange 130 is, in turn,provided to the gateway 120 for transmission to the one or more tradingdevices subscribing to the feed. In particular, the communication 484may be provided to one or more trading devices such as the tradingorganization 400 via the subscriber feed 484 b and the social network410 via the subscriber feed 484 c. Similarly, the acknowledgment and/orfill contained within the communication 484 may be provided to thetrading device 402 a via the subscriber feed 484 a. In this way, membersof the trading circle 456 may, in cooperation with the centralizedtrading circle manager 300, share and act upon the information containedwithin the trade order 480 before the communication 484 is generatedmuch less received by the non-circle members.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example method of implementingthe example circle definition module 302 of FIG. 3 . As described above,the example circle definition module 302 receives requests from user toinitiate a trading circle, as well as requests to join an existingtrading circle. In the example of FIG. 6 , the circle definition module302 receives a request from a first user of the trading circle manager300 to join an existing trading circle (block 600). In response to therequest, the example circle definition module 302 sends a message to aperson or device associated with the corresponding trading circle, suchas a trading circle administrator. The message includes informationrelated to the requesting user, such as an identity and/or credentialsof the requesting user. If the example circle definition module 302receives approval of the requesting user from the administrator, theexample circle definition module 302 accepts the requesting user intothe trading circle (block 604). In the illustrated example, acceptingthe user into the trading circle includes adding an identifiercorresponding to the requesting user to a definition of the tradingcircle. The example circle definition module 302 stores the updatedcircle definition to the corresponding entries of the circle definitiondatabase 304 (block 606). Referring back to the approval process (block602), if the circle definition module 302 does not receive approval ofthe requesting user from the administrator or does not receive anyresponse from the administrator (for example, within a certain timeperiod), the example circle definition module 302 communicates a denialto the requesting user (block 608). The example of FIG. 6 then ends(block 610).

FIG. 7 is another block diagram illustrating an example method ofimplementing the example trading circle manager 300 of FIG. 3 . Theexample of FIG. 7 begins with the order status monitor 308 detecting anorder or a modification of an order by one of a plurality of circlemembers of a trading circle defined in the database 304 (block 700). Forexample, the order status monitor 308 detects an order sent to theexchange 130 from the trading device 400 a (see FIG. 4A) associated witha first member of the trading circle 450. The example exchange analysismodule 310 analyzes the detected order/modification and informationassociated with the current status of the exchange 130 to determine theeffects of the detected order/modification (block 702). For example, theexchange analysis module 310 determines whether and how the detectedorder/modification will affect the order book of the exchange 130.

If the example circle data manager 308 is active (block 704), the circledata manager 308 identifies which circle members would be interested inthe detected order/modification or data related to effect(s) of thedetected order/modification on the exchange 130 (block 706). Forexample, when the detected order/modification involves first and secondtradeable objects (for example, that respectively make up a quoting legand a lean leg of a spread trade), the example circle data manager 308identifies any of the circle members having a working order involvingeither one (or both) of the first and second tradeable objects as circlemember(s) that would be interested in receiving related information.Thus, when active, the example circle data manager 308 prevents membersof the trading circle from being inundated with information that is notnecessarily relevant to the corresponding members. In such instances,the example communication module 306 conveys information to the circlemembers identified as being interested in the information, whichincludes the detected order/modification, data related to the detectedorder/modification (for example, an identity of the corresponding circlemember), and the effect(s) of the detected order/modification on theexchange 130 and/or any other market entity, etc. (block 708). Further,the information conveyed by the communication module 306 can include anytheoretical fills identified by the theoretical fill detector 320.

In the illustrated example, if the example circle data manager 308 isnot active (block 704), the example communication module 306 conveys theinformation to each of the circle members (block 710). The example ofFIG. 7 then ends (block 712).

FIG. 8 is another block diagram illustrating an example method ofimplementing the example price data monitor 314 of FIG. 3 . The exampleof FIG. 8 begins with the price data monitor 314 being triggered inresponse to, for example, a scheduled event or other type(s) ofinstructions (block 800). The example price data monitor 314 gathersprice information from the exchange 130 (block 802). As described above,the exchange 130 only provides price information for a limited amount ofprice levels. The example price data monitor 314 also gathers priceinformation related to working orders of the members of the tradingcircle 450 (block 804). In the illustrated example, the gatheringinvolves querying the trading devices 400 a to 400 m of the tradingcircle 450 to identify working orders of the members of the tradingcircle 450 outside of the price level range disseminated by the exchange130. The example aggregator 316 of the price data monitor 314 combinesthe data collected from the trading devices 400 a to 400 m with theinformation gathered from the exchange 130 (block 806). The combinedinformation forms an aggregate view of the market depth for the membersof the trading circle 450. In the illustrated example, the aggregateview of the market provided by the example aggregator 316 is presentedto the members of the trading circle via, for example, the window 500 ofFIG. 5 .

As described above, the example price data monitor 314 also includes theextrapolator 318 to provide a fuller (but perhaps less accurate) view ofthe market than the aggregator 316. In the example of FIG. 8 , theextrapolator 318 determines price information related to the circlemembers within the range of price levels for which quantity data isdisseminated by the exchange 130 (block 808). Further, the exampleextrapolator 318 determines price information related to the members ofthe trading circle 450 outside the range of price levels for whichquantity data is disseminated by the exchange 130 (block 810). Theexample extrapolator 318 uses the price information related to themembers of the trading circle 450 within the disseminated range of pricelevels to calculate a portion of the market represented by the tradingcircle 450 (block 812). For example, the extrapolator 318 determines apercentage of the quantity at the exchange 130 that is attributable tothe trading circle 450, collectively. The example extrapolator 318 usesthe calculated portion or percentage to extrapolate price informationgathered from the trading circle 450 for price levels outside thedisseminated range (block 814). That is, the example extrapolator 318applies the percentage of the quantity of the market in the disseminatedprice levels represented by the trading circle 450 to the priceinformation collected from the trading circle 450 at the price levelsoutside of the disseminated range. As a result, the example extrapolator318 generates an expanded view of the market for the members of thetrading circle 450. The data generated by the aggregator 316 and/or theextrapolator 318 is communicated to the circle members (block 816). Theexample of FIG. 8 then ends (block 818).

Some of the described figures depict example block diagrams, systems,and/or flow diagrams representative of methods that may be used toimplement all or part of certain embodiments. One or more of thecomponents, elements, blocks, and/or functionality of the example blockdiagrams, systems, and/or flow diagrams may be implemented alone or incombination in hardware, firmware, discrete logic, as a set of computerreadable instructions stored on a tangible computer readable medium,and/or any combinations thereof, for example.

The example block diagrams, systems, and/or flow diagrams may beimplemented using any combination of application specific integratedcircuit(s) (ASIC(s)), programmable logic device(s) (PLD(s)), fieldprogrammable logic device(s) (FPLD(s)), discrete logic, hardware, and/orfirmware, for example. Also, some or all of the example methods may beimplemented manually or in combination with the foregoing techniques,for example.

The example block diagrams, systems, and/or flow diagrams may beperformed using one or more processors, controllers, and/or otherprocessing devices, for example. For example, the examples may beimplemented using coded instructions, for example, computer readableinstructions, stored on a tangible computer readable medium. A tangiblecomputer readable medium may include various types of volatile andnon-volatile storage media, including, for example, random access memory(RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM),electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electricallyerasable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, a hard disk drive,optical media, magnetic tape, a file server, any other tangible datastorage device, or any combination thereof. The tangible computerreadable medium is non-transitory.

Further, although the example block diagrams, systems, and/or flowdiagrams are described above with reference to the figures, otherimplementations may be employed. For example, the order of execution ofthe components, elements, blocks, and/or functionality may be changedand/or some of the components, elements, blocks, and/or functionalitydescribed may be changed, eliminated, sub-divided, or combined.Additionally, any or all of the components, elements, blocks, and/orfunctionality may be performed sequentially and/or in parallel by, forexample, separate processing threads, processors, devices, discretelogic, and/or circuits.

While embodiments have been disclosed, various changes may be made andequivalents may be substituted. In addition, many modifications may bemade to adapt a particular situation or material. Therefore, it isintended that the disclosed technology not be limited to the particularembodiments disclosed, but will include all embodiments falling withinthe scope of the appended claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A non-transitory computer readable mediumhaving stored therein instructions executable by a processor, includinginstructions executable to: track by a trading circle manager members ofa trading circle, wherein the trading circle manager facilitatescommunication for the trading circle, wherein the trading circleincludes a plurality of members, wherein the tracking includesassociating a first subset of the plurality of members with a firsttradeable object; receive by the trading circle manager first data froma first trading device for an order of the first trading device, whereinthe order of the first trading device is a new order, wherein the firsttrading device is a member of the trading circle, wherein the trackedfirst subset of the plurality of members includes the first tradingdevice; determine by the trading circle manager, in response toreceiving the first data from the first trading device for the order ofthe first trading device and before an electronic exchange sends anindication of the order of the first trading device, that the order ofthe first trading device is for the first tradeable object, wherein theorder of the first trading device is associated with a first quantity ata first price; aggregate by the trading circle manager, in response todetermining that the order of the first trading device is for the firsttradeable object and before the electronic exchange sends an indicationof the order of the first trading device, the first data for the orderof the first trading device and data for orders of other members in thetracked first subset of members of the trading circle to generateaggregated market depth data for the first tradeable object, wherein theaggregated market depth data represents quantities available for thefirst tradeable object at corresponding price levels, wherein theaggregated market depth data does not include market depth data from anelectronic exchange; generate by the trading circle manager, in responseto aggregating the market depth data for the first tradeable object andbefore the electronic exchange sends an indication of the order of thefirst trading device, a message including the aggregated market depthdata; and send by the trading circle manager the generated messageincluding the aggregated market depth data to the tracked first subsetof the plurality of members of the trading circle associated with thefirst tradeable object, wherein the market depth data is provided to thetrading circle after the order of the first trading device is sent tothe electronic exchange, wherein the market depth data is provided tothe trading circle before the electronic exchange sends an indication ofthe order of the first trading device, wherein a second trading devicein the tracked first subset of members of the trading circle sends asecond order to the electronic exchange based on the aggregated marketdepth data before the electronic exchange sends an indication of theorder of the first trading device.
 2. The non-transitory computerreadable medium of claim 1, wherein the plurality of members includes athird trading device.
 3. The non-transitory computer readable medium ofclaim 1, further including instructions executable to: establish by thetrading circle manager the trading circle for the plurality of members.4. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, furtherincluding instructions executable to: receive by the trading circlemanager a request to join the trading circle by the first tradingdevice.
 5. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1,further including instructions executable to: receive by the tradingcircle manager a request to join the trading circle by the secondtrading device.
 6. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim1, wherein the first trading device and the second trading device arepart of a same trading organization.
 7. The non-transitory computerreadable medium of claim 1, wherein the first trading device and thesecond trading device are part of a different trading organization. 8.The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein thetrading circle manager includes a circle definition module.
 9. Thenon-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the tradingcircle manager includes a communication module.
 10. The non-transitorycomputer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the trading circle managerincludes a circle data manager.
 11. The non-transitory computer readablemedium of claim 1, wherein the trading circle manager includes a pricedata monitor.
 12. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim1, wherein the trading circle manager is distributed.
 13. Thenon-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the tradingcircle manager is centralized.
 14. The non-transitory computer readablemedium of claim 1, wherein the first data from the first trading deviceis received in response to a query by the trading circle manager. 15.The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein thefirst data from the first trading device is received in response todetecting the first trading device sending the order to the electronicexchange.
 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1,further including instructions executable to: determine by the tradingcircle manager, in response to receiving the first data from the firsttrading device for the order of the first trading device and before theelectronic exchange sends an indication of the order of the firsttrading device, an expected effect, wherein the expected effectrepresents a change in a quantity available for the first tradeableobject at the first price associated with the order of the first tradingdevice based on the first quantity associated with the order of thefirst trading device.